Assignment #4

Paraphrasing

It includes taking an arrangement of realities or feelings and revamping them. While rewording, it is essential to keep the first importance and to display it in another frame. Fundamentally, you are essentially composing something in your own particular words that communicates the first thought. (http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-paraphrasing.html)

Summarizing

It is a union of the key thoughts of a bit of composing, restated in your own words – i.e., paraphrased.  You may compose a synopsis as a remain solitary task or as a feature of a more drawn out paper.  Whenever you summarize, you should be careful not to copy the correct wording of the first source. (https://integrity.mit.edu/handbook/academic-writing/summarizing)

Thesis Statement

It is the sentence that expresses the fundamental thought of a composition task and helps control the thoughts inside the paper. It isn't only a subject. It frequently mirrors a supposition or judgment that an author has made about a perusing or individual experience.
(https://gustavus.edu/writingcenter/handoutdocs/thesis_statements.php)

Outlining

Once a topic has been picked, thoughts have been produced through conceptualizing and free composition, and a working thesis has been created, the last step a writer can perform in the prewriting stage is creating an outline. An outline enables an writer to arrange the primary focuses, to sort out the passages into a request that bodes well, and to ensure that each section/thought can be completely created. Essentially, an outline keeps an author from stalling out when playing out the real written work of the article.

An outline gives a guide of where to run with the paper. A well-developed outline will show what the thesis of the essay is, what the main idea of each body paragraph is, and the evidence/support that will be offered in each paragraph to substantiate the main points.
(https://www.aims.edu/student/online-writing-lab/process/outline)

Citation

A citation is a a method for offering credit to people for their imaginative and scholarly works that you used to help your exploration. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifer).

A citation style dictates the information that is necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting.
(http://pitt.libguides.com/citationhelp)

• MLA: Parenthetical citation in MLA style must include at least the name of the author. Page number should be also included if a specific page is cited, and a short title if more than one work by the same author is listed in the Works Cited page at the end of the paper.
• APA: It's very similar to MLA. APA in-text citation must include at least the author's name, the year of publication (with letters for multiple sources published the same year [1989a, 1989b]), and the page number, designated as p. 123. APA uses more commas to separate blocks of information than MLA.
(https://sun.iwu.edu/~jhaefner/WC200XSP17/mla&apa.html)

Assignment #3

1. Two-word verbs and their one word counterpart

• Add up–calculate
• Buy out–purchase
• Call off–cancel
• Carry on–continue
• Carry out–execute
• Find out–discover
• Give up–surrender
• Hold up– delay
• Leave out–omit
• Pick up–resume

(https://www.scribbr.com/academic-writing/47-phrasal-verbs-and-their-one-word-substitutions/)

2. What is sweeping generalization?

A sweeping generalization applies a general explanation too extensively. In the event that one takes a general govern, and applies it to a case to which, because of the particular highlights of the case, the control does not have any significant bearing, at that point one submits the broad speculation false notion. This false notion is the reverse of a hasty generalization, which construes a general rule from a specific case.

Example:

(1) Children ought to be seen and not heard.

(2) Little Wolfgang Amadeus is a child.

Along these lines:

(3) Little Wolfgang Amadeus shouldn't be heard.

Regardless of what you think about the general rule that youngsters ought to be seen and not heard, a child wonder piano player going to perform merits tuning in to; the general standard doesn't make a difference.

(http://www.logicalfallacies.info/presumption/sweeping-generalisation/)

3. Structure of Academic and Professional Writing

• Aim-The aim determines the entire academic text and the content found in each section.

• Research questions-Research questions are specific questions that enable you to reach your aim.

• Introduction- The introduction should provide everything the reader needs to know in order to understand the aim.

• Methods and materials- In the methods section, how the researcher have conducted the research should be shown to the readers

• Results- Results with captions and indications are presented and illustrated

• Discussion- It is where results are interpreted for the readers

• Conclusion- It's about what the results may imply after careful consideration

(https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts)

Assignment #2

Formal language is less personal than informal language. It is used in academic and professional writing. It does not use colloquialisms and contractions and first person pronouns.
 (https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.uts.edu.au/sites/default/files/HELPS%2520Formal%2520and%2520Informal%2520Language.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiHnt-1o4LZAhVIGpQKHezIBJYQFjAKegQIERAB&usg=AOvVaw17K6duZPxBNO3hZPIZyEo4)

Colloquialism- It is the use of informal words appropriate for familiar conversations.
(https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Colloquial+expression)

Examples:

1. Ain't
2. Wanna
3. Y'all
4. Gonna
5. Be blue
6. Go nuts
7. Ornery
8. Ruckus
9. Plague
10. Crapshoot

Colloquial words that are not colloquial:

1. Firstly
2. Conversate
3. Nother
4. Irregardless
5. Prolly
6. Anyways
7. Funner
8. Snuck
9. Madded
10. Literary
(https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/www.rd.com/culture/words-that-arent-words/amp/)

Street language- Slang is a very informal use of words by a particular group of people.
(http://examples.yourdictionary.com/20-examples-of-slang-language.html)

Examples:

1. Tryna
2. Woke
3. Bae
4. Fam
5. Salty
6. Booze
7. Dope
8. Fab
9. Dude
10. Airhead

Slang that are not slang:

1. Awesome
2. Cool
3. Cooler
4. Peat
5. Hang out
6. Basic
7. Chill out
8. Busted
9. Trash
10. Ride

Assignment #1

1. What is writing? How is it shaped?

Writing allows the students to put their ideas and feelings on paper, to organized their thoughts, opinions as well as to convey meaning through well constructed text. (https://msu.edu/course/cep/886/Writing/page1.htm)

It is shaped by the thoughts, feelings, emotions, knowledge, and wisdom the the writer wants to express and share with the readers.

2. What do you mean by Academic Writing Style?

Academic Writing refers to a style of expression that is used in defining intellectual boundaries of the researchers' disciplines and specific areas of expertise. Its characteristics include a formal tone, third-person perspective, clear focus and precise word choice.
(http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting)

3. What are the aspects of Professional and Academic Language?

• Complexity- Noun-based phrases are used rather than verb-based phrases. The language has more grammatical complexity and has a more varied vocabulary.
• Formality- Academic writing iOS relatively formal. Colloquial words and expressions should be avoided.
• Objectivity- The main emphasis should be on the information rather than the doer of the action
• Explicitness- The writer should make the reader understand how the various parts of the text are related.
• Accuracy- Accurate vocabulary should be used.
• Hedging- It's about making decision about the your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making.
• Responsibility- the writer is responsible for providing evidences and justifications for any claims that were made.
• Organisation- Academic writing should be well organised.
• Planning- Academic writing is well planned according to a specific purpose and plan.
(http://www.uefap.com/writing/feature/featfram.htm)